‹ The Hall of RecordsEntered into the record July 28, 2026
HISTORICAL RECORD · A DEMONSTRATIONCare and statistics1820 to 1910

Filed under

Lady with the Lamp, a nickname the Florence Nightingale Museum calls a key part of her legacy. [A8]Highlights of the Collection, entry for the fanoos lanternFlorence Nightingale Museum Londonclass A · read 2026-07-28

Lifted off the diagram

Hand coloured polar area diagram plate showing relative mortality in the hospitals of the army in the East, April 1854 to March 1856, printed 1858.

[A11]Wellcome Collection, London1858Public Domain Markread 2026-07-29Fetched the IIIF image at full native width (3337 x 2771 JPEG), resized to 2400px long edge with fit inside and no enlargement, converted to WebP at quality 82. No cropping, rotation, retouching or colour adjustment.

The record

The lamp is the label. The record underneath is a statistician's, and The National Archives says so in those words. [A1]Florence Nightingale, education resourceThe National Archives (UK)class A · read 2026-07-28

Florence Nightingale

A record of the working life of Florence Nightingale, compiled from institutional archives: the military hospitals of the Crimean War, the army mortality reports that followed them, and the school of nursing founded in 1860. [A9]Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) [Collection], MSS.5471-5484, 6930 and 8991-9109, 1820s-1970s, with biographical and administrative historyWellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

Measured

What the record counts

38
Nurses who travelled with her from England, arriving in Turkey on 4 November 1854. [A1]Florence Nightingale, education resourceThe National Archives (UK)class A · read 2026-07-28
567 pages
The length of the 1858 report on the health, efficiency and hospital administration of the British Army, carrying five unnumbered folded leaves of plates. [A3]Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army : founded chiefly on the experience of the late war / by Florence Nightingale ; presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London : printed by Harrison, 1858Wellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28
1858
The year the Royal Statistical Society records for its first female member. [A2]History of the Royal Statistical SocietyRoyal Statistical Societyclass A · read 2026-07-28
1,076 images
The extent of the Wellcome Collection's digitisation of the 1858 army report, viewable in full online. [A3]Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army : founded chiefly on the experience of the late war / by Florence Nightingale ; presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London : printed by Harrison, 1858Wellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28
MSS.5471 to 5484
The opening of the Wellcome Collection reference range for the Nightingale papers, which runs on through 6930 and 8991 to 9109 and covers the 1820s to the 1970s. [A9]Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) [Collection], MSS.5471-5484, 6930 and 8991-9109, 1820s-1970s, with biographical and administrative historyWellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

Record boundary

What the sources establish

Sources read
12
Primary or institutional
12
Distinct sources cited on this page
10
Works of record
4

Where the sources do not settle a question, this record does not answer it. Nothing above is inferred from anything else on the page.

What the record declines

That she cut mortality at Scutari from 42 percent to 2 percent.

The record carries no Scutari mortality percentage, because not one of the institutions it stands on states one. The National Archives goes as far as saying that the arrangements she put in place improved the medical and sanitary arrangements at Scutari and reduced the death rate, and no further. A pair of figures that precise, detached from any published table, is not a fact this record can carry, and the causes of the fall are not settled by any source read here. [A1]Florence Nightingale, education resourceThe National Archives (UK)class A · read 2026-07-28

Checked: The National Archives education resource on Florence Nightingale, read for any mortality figure attached to Scutari. It gives none, in percentages or otherwise.

That she invented the pie chart, or the polar-area diagram.

No source consulted for this record credits her with inventing either form. What the sources credit is the use. The 1858 mortality tables were published under the name of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army, reprinted from its report with charts, some in colour, and The National Archives says only that the diagram she produced is now referred to as the Rose Diagram. [A4]Mortality of the British army at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England / Great Britain. Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Sanitary Condition of the Army. London : Harrison, 1858Wellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

Checked: The Wellcome Collection catalogue record for the 1858 Royal Commission tables, which names the Commission as the corporate author and describes the plates; and the sentence in The National Archives resource naming the Rose Diagram.

That the illness and seclusion of her later decades can be given a modern diagnosis.

The record does not diagnose. No institution read for this file states a diagnosis, and naming a disease in a person dead for more than a century is a claim about a body that no document holds. What the documents hold is the work of those decades: papers and correspondence, and campaigns for sanitation in India, for relief during the Franco-Prussian War, and for cottage hospitals in Britain. [A9]Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) [Collection], MSS.5471-5484, 6930 and 8991-9109, 1820s-1970s, with biographical and administrative historyWellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

Checked: The Wellcome Collection archive record for the Nightingale papers, which sets out the post-Crimean work in full and offers no diagnosis anywhere in its biographical history.

That she was, above all, a nurse at a bedside carrying a lamp.

The lamp is real and so is the nursing: the Florence Nightingale Museum holds a fanoos, a traditional Turkish candle lamp, as one of many she used at the Scutari military hospital. But the museum also records that the newspaper illustrators who fixed that image had never seen her at work and often did not know what she looked like. The working life the archives hold is administrative and statistical, and it ran for decades after the two years in Turkey. [A8]Highlights of the Collection, entry for the fanoos lanternFlorence Nightingale Museum Londonclass A · read 2026-07-28

Checked: The Florence Nightingale Museum's Highlights of the Collection entry for the fanoos lantern, which states the nickname, the object, and the illustrators' distance from the subject.

The record

Florence Nightingale has a source page.

The same renderer a customer's published page mounts, drawing the same facts this room holds the sources for. Everything below is its apparatus.

View the record →sourceofyou.com/florence-nightingale
One record, two views

The apparatus

What stands behind the record: the works and who holds them, the claims this record refuses, every source read and when, and the gate stack this figure passed before a page was compiled.

Works

Works of record

Each work is listed with the institution that holds it and the rights statement that institution publishes, quoted as written.

1858

Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army [A3]Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army : founded chiefly on the experience of the late war / by Florence Nightingale ; presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London : printed by Harrison, 1858Wellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

London, Harrison. Founded chiefly on the experience of the late war and presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. Digitised by the Wellcome Collection in 1,076 images, with five unnumbered folded leaves of plates of illustrations and plans.

Held by
Wellcome Collection
Rights, as published
Item licence "Public Domain Mark". The page states: "You can use this work for any purpose without restriction under copyright law."

1858

Mortality of the British Army at Home and Abroad, and During the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England [A4]Mortality of the British army at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England / Great Britain. Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Sanitary Condition of the Army. London : Harrison, 1858Wellcome Collectionclass A · read 2026-07-28

London, Harrison. Reprinted from the report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army; 21 pages and eleven unnumbered leaves of plates of charts, some in colour. The Wellcome Collection records one copy as formerly in the Nightingale Collection and another as carrying a note relating to the circular diagrams.

Held by
Wellcome Collection
Rights, as published
Item licence recorded in the Wellcome Collection catalogue as "Public Domain Mark". The page footer states: "Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence".

1859

Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not [A5]Notes on nursing: what it is, and what it is not / Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. London: Harrison, 1859Internet Archive, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Serviceclass A · read 2026-07-28

London, Harrison. The National Archives records the book as still in print. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine copy is digitised in full and carries the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark.

Held by
Internet Archive, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service
Rights, as published
"Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0", as recorded on the item page.

1860

The Nightingale School and Home for Nurses, St Thomas' Hospital, London [A1]Florence Nightingale, education resourceThe National Archives (UK)class A · read 2026-07-28

Founded in 1860. Not a book but the durable output of the same decade, and the institution that carried the method after her.

Held by
The National Archives (UK)
Rights, as published
"All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated", as printed on the page.
Sources

Sources

Class A is primary or institutional archival material. Class B is scholarly secondary work, cited with edition and page, and used only where class A could not be reached. Every source below was read at the URL given, on the date given.

  1. [A1]Class A

    Florence Nightingale, education resource

    The National Archives (UK)

    https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/florence-nightingale/read 2026-07-28

    "All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated", as printed on the page.

  2. [A2]Class A

    History of the Royal Statistical Society

    Royal Statistical Society

    https://rss.org.uk/about/history/read 2026-07-28

    No open licence is offered. The page carries only the line "© Copyright 2026 The Royal Statistical Society. Registered charity in England and Wales. No.306096." Recorded here as an absence, not a permission.

  3. [A3]Class A

    Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army : founded chiefly on the experience of the late war / by Florence Nightingale ; presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London : printed by Harrison, 1858

    Wellcome Collection

    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jxwtskzcread 2026-07-28

    Item licence "Public Domain Mark". The page states: "You can use this work for any purpose without restriction under copyright law."

  4. [A4]Class A

    Mortality of the British army at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England / Great Britain. Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Sanitary Condition of the Army. London : Harrison, 1858

    Wellcome Collection

    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xvrq5ur4read 2026-07-28

    Item licence recorded in the Wellcome Collection catalogue as "Public Domain Mark". The page footer states: "Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence".

  5. [A5]Class A

    Notes on nursing: what it is, and what it is not / Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. London: Harrison, 1859

    Internet Archive, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service

    https://archive.org/details/b21366172_001read 2026-07-28

    "Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0", as recorded on the item page.

  6. [A6]Class A

    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The courtship of Miles Standish, and other poems (Boston: Ticknor and Fields), title page dated M DCCC LVIII; the poem "Santa Filomena", pages 189 to 190

    Internet Archive, from the University of California Libraries

    https://archive.org/details/ofmilescourtship00longrichread 2026-07-28

    "NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT", as recorded in the Internet Archive item metadata.

  7. [A7]Class A

    The London Gazette, issue 28084, page 8331, 29 November 1907

    The Gazette (The London Gazette, official public record)

    https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28084/page/8331read 2026-07-28

    "All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated."

  8. [A8]Class A

    Highlights of the Collection, entry for the fanoos lantern

    Florence Nightingale Museum London

    https://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/highlights-of-the-collection-2/read 2026-07-28

    No open licence is offered. The page carries only the line "© Copyright 2012 - Florence Nightingale Museum - Charity number: 299576". Recorded as an absence.

  9. [A9]Class A

    Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) [Collection], MSS.5471-5484, 6930 and 8991-9109, 1820s-1970s, with biographical and administrative history

    Wellcome Collection

    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/khuduwmjread 2026-07-28

    "Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence."

  10. [A10]Class A

    Research and Resources

    Florence Nightingale Museum London

    https://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/research-and-resources/read 2026-07-28

    No open licence is offered for this page. The museum site carries the line "© Copyright 2012 - Florence Nightingale Museum - Charity number: 299576", read on the museum's Highlights of the Collection page. Recorded as an absence.

  11. [A11]Class A

    Mortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams.

    Wellcome Collection, London

    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gxtkyqp8read 2026-07-29

    This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighbouring rights and is being made available under the Creative Commons, Public Domain Mark. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, without asking permission.

  12. [A12]Class A

    Florence Nightingale. Photograph.

    Wellcome Collection

    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/c4tktqrb/images?id=zn8dz6gcread 2026-07-29

    Public Domain Mark

Clearance

How this record was cleared

Every record in the Hall passes the same gate stack before a page is compiled, and the result is published rather than merely filed.

Died
1910
Public domain basis
Every work quoted or linked here was published before 1911 and each digitised copy carries an explicit public-domain status from its holding institution. Wellcome Collection marks the 1858 army report "Public Domain Mark" with the line "You can use this work for any purpose without restriction under copyright law"; the Internet Archive records the 1859 Notes on Nursing scan, contributed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service, under "Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0"; and the Longfellow volume as "NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT". The Gazette notice is Crown material under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Estate and licensing screen
Screened 2026-07-28. No enforcing estate or licensing agent surfaced in any institutional record read for this file. The Florence Nightingale Museum states that neither Florence nor her sister had children and that there are no direct descendants of this branch of the Nightingales. The custodians found are archives and museums, which assert rights over their own scans and pages, not over the person.
Trademark screen
Screened 2026-07-28 against live institutional use of the name. The collision is live: the Florence Nightingale Museum London operates at St Thomas' Hospital as registered charity number 299576, and organisations bearing the name are in current use. No national trademark register was searched from this session, which is recorded here rather than implied away. The no-affiliation line is therefore set.
Dignity screen
No villain is named and no institution is blamed. No Scutari mortality figure is asserted, because no source read here states one. No diagnosis is offered for the illness and seclusion of her later decades, and no inner life is voiced: the record holds documents, not a mind. The nickname is reported as a nickname, with the printed lines that carried it, and is not treated as the measure of the work.
Gate stack run
2026-07-28

The machine record

The structured representation this page is built from, printed field by field.

Every row below is a field of this figure's module, printed with its value and the citation key that settles it. Nothing here is summarised or inferred. It is shown as text for a reader: this page emits no machine-readable metadata, and it is excluded from the sitemap, from llms.txt, and from search indexes.

identity

slugflorence-nightingale
handleflorence-nightingale
nameFlorence Nightingale
disciplineCare and statistics
entered2026-07-28
accent#33306E

claims

labelLady with the Lamp, a nickname the Florence Nightingale Museum calls a key part of her legacy. [A8]
turnThe lamp is the label. The record underneath is a statistician's, and The National Archives says so in those words. [A1]
lifespan1820 to 1910 [A9]
statementA record of the working life of Florence Nightingale, compiled from institutional archives: the military hospitals of the Crimean War, the army mortality reports that followed them, and the school of nursing founded in 1860. [A9]

story[7]

story[0]On 4 November 1854 Nightingale arrived in Turkey with a group of 38 nurses from England, sent to the British military hospitals of the Crimean War. [A1]
story[1]At Scutari she set up laundries to wash linen and clothing and kitchens to cook food, arrangements The National Archives records as having improved the medical and sanitary arrangements there and reduced the death rate. [A1]
story[2]The argument then moved into print: in 1858 Harrison of London issued Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, a volume of xix, 12 and 567 pages with five unnumbered folded leaves of plates, presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. [A3]
story[3]In the same year the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army published Mortality of the British Army at Home and Abroad, and During the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England, reprinted from its report with eleven unnumbered leaves of plates of charts, some in colour. [A4]
story[4]The diagram she produced from those figures is now referred to as the Rose Diagram. [A1]
story[5]In 1860 she founded the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at St Thomas' Hospital in London. [A1]
story[6]The decades after the Crimea are documented in paper rather than in presence: the Wellcome Collection holds the Nightingale papers as MSS.5471 to 5484, 6930 and 8991 to 9109, spanning the 1820s to the 1970s, and records the later campaigns for sanitation in India, for relief during the Franco-Prussian War, and for cottage hospitals in Britain. [A9]

schedule[8]

schedule[0] [A1]

span1854
titleTo the military hospitals at Scutari
detailArrived in Turkey on 4 November 1854 with a group of 38 nurses from England, after a journey of thirteen days by ship to Boulogne, overland to Marseilles, and on by mail steamer.

schedule[1] [A3]

span1858
titleNotes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army
detailPrinted in London by Harrison, xix, 12 and 567 pages with five unnumbered folded leaves of plates of illustrations and plans, and presented by request to the Secretary of State for War.

schedule[2] [A4]

span1858
titleThe Royal Commission's mortality tables
detailMortality of the British Army at Home and Abroad, and During the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England, London, Harrison, 21 pages and eleven unnumbered leaves of plates of charts, some in colour, reprinted from the report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army.

schedule[3] [A2]

span1858
titleFirst female member of the Royal Statistical Society
detailThe society records Nightingale as its first female member, in 1858.

schedule[4] [A5]

span1859
titleNotes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not
detailPublished in London by Harrison. The copy held by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Library and Archives Service is digitised in full.

schedule[5] [A1]

span1860
titleThe Nightingale School and Home for Nurses
detailFounded at St Thomas' Hospital in London.

schedule[6] [A7]

span1907
titleOrder of Merit
detailThe London Gazette of 29 November 1907, issue 28084, page 8331, carries the appointment of Miss Florence Nightingale to the Order of Merit.

schedule[7] [A9]

span1910
titleDeath
detailThe Wellcome Collection's archive record for the Nightingale papers gives her dates as 1820 to 1910 and states that she died in 1910.

figures[5]

figures[0] [A1]

label38
detailNurses who travelled with her from England, arriving in Turkey on 4 November 1854.

figures[1] [A3]

label567 pages
detailThe length of the 1858 report on the health, efficiency and hospital administration of the British Army, carrying five unnumbered folded leaves of plates.

figures[2] [A2]

label1858
detailThe year the Royal Statistical Society records for its first female member.

figures[3] [A3]

label1,076 images
detailThe extent of the Wellcome Collection's digitisation of the 1858 army report, viewable in full online.

figures[4] [A9]

labelMSS.5471 to 5484
detailThe opening of the Wellcome Collection reference range for the Nightingale papers, which runs on through 6930 and 8991 to 9109 and covers the 1820s to the 1970s.

works[4]

works[0] [A3]

titleNotes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army
year1858
noteLondon, Harrison. Founded chiefly on the experience of the late war and presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. Digitised by the Wellcome Collection in 1,076 images, with five unnumbered folded leaves of plates of illustrations and plans.
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/jxwtskzc

works[1] [A4]

titleMortality of the British Army at Home and Abroad, and During the Russian War, as Compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England
year1858
noteLondon, Harrison. Reprinted from the report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army; 21 pages and eleven unnumbered leaves of plates of charts, some in colour. The Wellcome Collection records one copy as formerly in the Nightingale Collection and another as carrying a note relating to the circular diagrams.
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/xvrq5ur4

works[2] [A5]

titleNotes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not
year1859
noteLondon, Harrison. The National Archives records the book as still in print. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine copy is digitised in full and carries the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark.
urlhttps://archive.org/details/b21366172_001

works[3] [A1]

titleThe Nightingale School and Home for Nurses, St Thomas' Hospital, London
year1860
noteFounded in 1860. Not a book but the durable output of the same decade, and the institution that carried the method after her.

answers[5]

answers[0] [A1]

qWas Nightingale a statistician?
aThe National Archives states that she should also be remembered for her skills as a statistician, and that because of this she became the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858.

answers[1] [A3]

qWhat did she publish after the Crimean War?
aIn 1858 Harrison of London printed her volume of 567 pages on the health, efficiency and hospital administration of the British Army, founded chiefly on the experience of the late war and presented by request to the Secretary of State for War.

answers[2] [A6]

qWhere does the nickname come from?
aThe lines are Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's. The poem "Santa Filomena", printed in The Courtship of Miles Standish, and Other Poems, Boston, Ticknor and Fields, title page dated MDCCCLVIII, reads "A lady with a lamp I see" and "A Lady with a Lamp shall stand / In the great history of the land".

answers[3] [A9]

qWhere are her papers held?
aThe Wellcome Collection holds the Nightingale collection under MSS.5471 to 5484, 6930 and 8991 to 9109, covering the 1820s to the 1970s.

answers[4] [A10]

qAre there descendants?
aThe Florence Nightingale Museum states that neither Florence nor her sister had children, so there are no direct descendants of this branch of the Nightingales.

declines[4]

declines[0] [A1]

mythThat she cut mortality at Scutari from 42 percent to 2 percent.
refusalThe record carries no Scutari mortality percentage, because not one of the institutions it stands on states one. The National Archives goes as far as saying that the arrangements she put in place improved the medical and sanitary arrangements at Scutari and reduced the death rate, and no further. A pair of figures that precise, detached from any published table, is not a fact this record can carry, and the causes of the fall are not settled by any source read here.
checkedThe National Archives education resource on Florence Nightingale, read for any mortality figure attached to Scutari. It gives none, in percentages or otherwise.

declines[1] [A4]

mythThat she invented the pie chart, or the polar-area diagram.
refusalNo source consulted for this record credits her with inventing either form. What the sources credit is the use. The 1858 mortality tables were published under the name of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the regulations affecting the sanitary state of the army, reprinted from its report with charts, some in colour, and The National Archives says only that the diagram she produced is now referred to as the Rose Diagram.
checkedThe Wellcome Collection catalogue record for the 1858 Royal Commission tables, which names the Commission as the corporate author and describes the plates; and the sentence in The National Archives resource naming the Rose Diagram.

declines[2] [A9]

mythThat the illness and seclusion of her later decades can be given a modern diagnosis.
refusalThe record does not diagnose. No institution read for this file states a diagnosis, and naming a disease in a person dead for more than a century is a claim about a body that no document holds. What the documents hold is the work of those decades: papers and correspondence, and campaigns for sanitation in India, for relief during the Franco-Prussian War, and for cottage hospitals in Britain.
checkedThe Wellcome Collection archive record for the Nightingale papers, which sets out the post-Crimean work in full and offers no diagnosis anywhere in its biographical history.

declines[3] [A8]

mythThat she was, above all, a nurse at a bedside carrying a lamp.
refusalThe lamp is real and so is the nursing: the Florence Nightingale Museum holds a fanoos, a traditional Turkish candle lamp, as one of many she used at the Scutari military hospital. But the museum also records that the newspaper illustrators who fixed that image had never seen her at work and often did not know what she looked like. The working life the archives hold is administrative and statistical, and it ran for decades after the two years in Turkey.
checkedThe Florence Nightingale Museum's Highlights of the Collection entry for the fanoos lantern, which states the nickname, the object, and the illustrators' distance from the subject.

sources[12]

sources.A1 [A1]

clsA
institutionThe National Archives (UK)
titleFlorence Nightingale, education resource
urlhttps://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/florence-nightingale/
accessed2026-07-28
rights"All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated", as printed on the page.

sources.A2 [A2]

clsA
institutionRoyal Statistical Society
titleHistory of the Royal Statistical Society
urlhttps://rss.org.uk/about/history/
accessed2026-07-28
rightsNo open licence is offered. The page carries only the line "© Copyright 2026 The Royal Statistical Society. Registered charity in England and Wales. No.306096." Recorded here as an absence, not a permission.

sources.A3 [A3]

clsA
institutionWellcome Collection
titleNotes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army : founded chiefly on the experience of the late war / by Florence Nightingale ; presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London : printed by Harrison, 1858
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/jxwtskzc
accessed2026-07-28
rightsItem licence "Public Domain Mark". The page states: "You can use this work for any purpose without restriction under copyright law."

sources.A4 [A4]

clsA
institutionWellcome Collection
titleMortality of the British army at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England / Great Britain. Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Sanitary Condition of the Army. London : Harrison, 1858
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/xvrq5ur4
accessed2026-07-28
rightsItem licence recorded in the Wellcome Collection catalogue as "Public Domain Mark". The page footer states: "Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence".

sources.A5 [A5]

clsA
institutionInternet Archive, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service
titleNotes on nursing: what it is, and what it is not / Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. London: Harrison, 1859
urlhttps://archive.org/details/b21366172_001
accessed2026-07-28
rights"Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0", as recorded on the item page.

sources.A6 [A6]

clsA
institutionInternet Archive, from the University of California Libraries
titleHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, The courtship of Miles Standish, and other poems (Boston: Ticknor and Fields), title page dated M DCCC LVIII; the poem "Santa Filomena", pages 189 to 190
urlhttps://archive.org/details/ofmilescourtship00longrich
accessed2026-07-28
rights"NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT", as recorded in the Internet Archive item metadata.

sources.A7 [A7]

clsA
institutionThe Gazette (The London Gazette, official public record)
titleThe London Gazette, issue 28084, page 8331, 29 November 1907
urlhttps://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28084/page/8331
accessed2026-07-28
rights"All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated."

sources.A8 [A8]

clsA
institutionFlorence Nightingale Museum London
titleHighlights of the Collection, entry for the fanoos lantern
urlhttps://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/highlights-of-the-collection-2/
accessed2026-07-28
rightsNo open licence is offered. The page carries only the line "© Copyright 2012 - Florence Nightingale Museum - Charity number: 299576". Recorded as an absence.

sources.A9 [A9]

clsA
institutionWellcome Collection
titleNightingale, Florence (1820-1910) [Collection], MSS.5471-5484, 6930 and 8991-9109, 1820s-1970s, with biographical and administrative history
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/khuduwmj
accessed2026-07-28
rights"Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence."

sources.A10 [A10]

clsA
institutionFlorence Nightingale Museum London
titleResearch and Resources
urlhttps://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/research-and-resources/
accessed2026-07-28
rightsNo open licence is offered for this page. The museum site carries the line "© Copyright 2012 - Florence Nightingale Museum - Charity number: 299576", read on the museum's Highlights of the Collection page. Recorded as an absence.

sources.A11 [A11]

clsA
institutionWellcome Collection, London
titleMortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams.
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/gxtkyqp8
accessed2026-07-29
rightsThis work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighbouring rights and is being made available under the Creative Commons, Public Domain Mark. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, without asking permission.

sources.A12 [A12]

clsA
institutionWellcome Collection
titleFlorence Nightingale. Photograph.
urlhttps://wellcomecollection.org/works/c4tktqrb/images?id=zn8dz6gc
accessed2026-07-29
rightsPublic Domain Mark

clearance

died1910
diedSrcA9
pdBasisEvery work quoted or linked here was published before 1911 and each digitised copy carries an explicit public-domain status from its holding institution. Wellcome Collection marks the 1858 army report "Public Domain Mark" with the line "You can use this work for any purpose without restriction under copyright law"; the Internet Archive records the 1859 Notes on Nursing scan, contributed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service, under "Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0"; and the Longfellow volume as "NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT". The Gazette notice is Crown material under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
estateScreened 2026-07-28. No enforcing estate or licensing agent surfaced in any institutional record read for this file. The Florence Nightingale Museum states that neither Florence nor her sister had children and that there are no direct descendants of this branch of the Nightingales. The custodians found are archives and museums, which assert rights over their own scans and pages, not over the person.
trademarkScreened 2026-07-28 against live institutional use of the name. The collision is live: the Florence Nightingale Museum London operates at St Thomas' Hospital as registered charity number 299576, and organisations bearing the name are in current use. No national trademark register was searched from this session, which is recorded here rather than implied away. The no-affiliation line is therefore set.
dignityNo villain is named and no institution is blamed. No Scutari mortality figure is asserted, because no source read here states one. No diagnosis is offered for the illness and seclusion of her later decades, and no inner life is voiced: the record holds documents, not a mind. The nickname is reported as a nickname, with the printed lines that carried it, and is not treated as the measure of the work.
checkedAt2026-07-28

HISTORICAL RECORD · A DEMONSTRATION

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